Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Engineering

Biomedical Technology is the applied methodology of engineering principles and advanced technology to the biological systems. Biomedical concerns with the problems related to diseases and their treatment that involve wide range of activities from medical designed instruments with developed technologies and methodologies. Biomedical material research is mainly focused on biomedical companies and marketing analysis.

The hybrid of computer technology to the management of biological information is known as biomedical informatics. The biological and genetic information is used to be gathered, stored, analyzed and integrated by using computers, further used for drug discovery and development related to genes.

Bionics is one of the greatest achieviements of science which is made up of an artificial body parts that intensify or replace for a natural biological capability. They mimic the action of the natural organs. Mostly used bionics is bionic eye, bionic limbs, bionic ear etc. Biosensors are the integrated devices which are capable of integrating a biological element with a physicochemical transducer to produce an electronic signal proportional to a single analyte which will be conveyed to a detector. These are highly specific and biocompatible.

Biorobotics is an emerging technology that converge biomedical engineering and robotics. It is the science and engineering of robotics applied in the Biomedical field, with the development of biomedical devices for surgery and rehabilitation, as well as with the modeling of biological systems. It is also the construction of physical models of the biological systems, as bio inspired and biomimetic robots.

Biomedical imaging encloses various imaging modalities and procedures to image the human body for diagnostic and treatment purposes. The X-ray based diagnostic processes play major role in medical setting and various levels of healthcare.

Neuro-Developmental Engineering (NDE) is a newly developing research area converging with the developmental neuroscience and bioengineering focusing to provide new methods and tools for understanding neuro-biological mechanisms and modeling of the human behavior during neuro development.

A WBAN imparts a continuous health monitoring of a patient without any restriction on their daily activities. A large number of technologies have proved their coherence in supporting WBANs applications, like remote monitoring, biofeedback and assisted living by responding to their specific quality of service (QoS) requirements.

Neuroprosthetics are the devices that detect neural activity into command sequences for computers and prostheses. They take some type of signal from brain and convert it into other device control so that it reflects the intensions of user brain. This is becoming the practical reality for the people with motor disorders.

BCI acquires the brain signals and analyses them to translate into commands which are relayed on to output device. The main objective of BCI is to establish useful function to the people with neuromuscular disorders and also prove useful for rehabilitation after stroke.

Branch of pharmaceutical sciences and technology that entail development and manufacturing of products, processes, and components in the pharmaceutical industry. It covers thesis important to the global pharmaceutical industry across all divisions, including biotechnology, traditional pharmaceuticals, and generics. Pharmaceutical Engineering nouns useful information on the technical developments and latest scientific issues, regulatory initiatives and innovatory solutions to real-life problems and challenges through possible application articles and case studies.

Drug discovery and development includes the manufacture of pharmaceutical drug extracted from, or semi synthesized from biological sources. Different from chemically symphonized pharmaceuticals, they include vaccines, blood, or blood components, allergenics, somatic cells, tissues, gene therapies, recombinant therapeutic protein, and living cells used in cell therapy. Biologics can be staid of sugars, proteins, or nucleic acids or complex combinations of these substances, or may be living cells or tissues.

Biopharmaceutics is the study of drug absorption rate that is affected by various factors like physical and chemical properties of the drug, the dosage form of the drug and the route of administration. Pharmaceutical technology is the appliance of scientific knowledge or technology to pharmacy, pharmacology, and the pharmaceutical industry. It includes design, techniques, and bioinstrumentation in the manufacture, preparation, compounding, dispensing, packaging, and accumulating of narcotic and other preparations used in diagnostic and determinative procedures and in the treatment of patients.

Pharmaceutical analysis is a subsection of chemistry, which concerns the series of process for the identification, purification, determination, and quantitation. This is mainly used for the separation of the components from the mixture and for the determination of the structure of the compounds. It mostly concerns about complex manufacturing, drug safety, costly development programs, market demands for evidence-based data and increased regulatory requirements are all issues that can be consigned through a better understanding of your drug product, drug substance or manufacturing process which in turn, can only be carry through experienced robust analytical data and analytical studies. Bio analytics is the field of research in which biotechnology concerned with various analytical techniques.

Pharmaceutical Formulation is the process in which different chemical substances i.e., active chemical substances will combined together to produce a medical compound i.e., medical drug. This process involves production of drug which characterized by two things: Stability of the product, second Acceptability to the patient. Process engineering target on the design, operation, control, and cumulation of chemical, physical, and biological processes. Process engineering contain a vast range of industries, such as chemical, petrochemical, food, agriculture, pharmaceutical, mineral processing,  software development, and biotechnological industries.

Medical devices are the Instruments, apparatus, tools, software, material or other article, whether used alone or in combination used specifically for diagnostic or for therapeutic purposes and necessary for its proper application, intended for the purpose of diagnosis, prevention, monitoring, and treatment of various diseases. Medical imaging envelop different imaging modalities and processes to image the human body for diagnostic and treatment, therefore plays an important role in  to improve public health for all population groups. Furthermore, medical imaging is frequently justified in the foul up of a disease already diagnosed or treated.

Molecular pharmacology deals with the biochemical and biophysical characteristics of interactions between drug molecules and those of the cell. It is molecular biology applied to pharmacological and toxicological questions. The methods of molecular pharmacology include precise mathematical, physical, chemical, and molecular biological techniques to understand how cells respond to hormones or pharmacologic agents, and how chemical structure correlates with biological activity. Experimental therapeutics is the development of various treatment strategies specifically to treat human diseases more effectively and with less toxicity.

Biomedical Engineering is the science of application of engineering principles to the fields of biology and health care. Bioengineers work with doctors, therapists and researchers to implement systems, equipment and devices in order to solve clinical problems which focus on the advances that improve human health and health care at all levels. Clinical engineering is a special field within Biomedical engineering responsible primarily for applying and implementing medical technology to optimise healthcare delivery.

Biomechanics is the study of systems and structures of biological organisms from the smallest plants to the largest animals react with external stimuli. In animals, biomechanics often refers to the study of how the skeletal and musculature systems work under different cases. In biomechanics more generally, scientists often try to apply physics and other mathematical based forms of analysis to discover the limits and capabilities of biological systems. Biomaterials are substances that are used in medical devices or in contact with biological systems. Biomaterials use impression from medicine, biology, chemistry, materials science and engineering.

Medical and Nano biotechnology are the applications of medical and nanotechnology in the biological fields. Nano biotechnology is the fusion of nanotechnology and biotechnology in which nanosized machines can be synthesized by incorporating biological systems to study and manipulate different biological processes at molecular level.

Bioinstrumentation is the use of bioelectronics instruments for the recording or transmission of physiological information. Biomedical devices are combination of biology, sensors, interface electronics, microcontrollers, and computer programming, including biology, optics, mechanics, and electronics, chemistry, and computer science. Bioinstrumentation engineers design, frame, test, and manufacture advanced medical instruments and implantable devices into a single, more productive unit.

Pharma marketing refers to the drugs and medical devices by private and public organizations to doctors, clinicians and consumers. With the average American spending $1,000 on drugs a year, marketing is a top precedence for the main players in the pharmaceutical industry.